Management and Policy Making
Ali Aqa Safari; Abdullah Tavakoli
Abstract
Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions ...
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Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions of the revelatory word in rejecting, confirming, correcting, and completing the epistemology of contingency management as we can eliminate its epistemological shortcomings relying on them. The research findings indicate that epistemology in contingency management is based on objective and sensory knowledge and ignores supernatural causes and factors in explaining natural propositions. The Quran, while pointing to the shortcomings of contingency management, considers the subject of knowing God, human-being, nature, and understanding how they are interdependent, and emphasizes that human-being and the environment affect and influence each other visibly and invisibly, and the,refore human-being must take his/her advantage using networking tools by combining a horizontal view of the relationship between phenomena and a vertical and longitudinal view and their relationship with their creator. The results indicate that the Quran, in addition to reason and empirical findings, emphasizes that the best methods that lead to greater efficiency cannot be presented without revelation.
